Welcome to the Sorghum Anthracnose Reference Library. Here you will find an extensive collection of scientific journal articles, publications, and books most of which have been cited throughout the various sections of the site. They have been arranged by section and alphabetically by author. If you are looking for a particular reference the easiest way to find it is to type the authors name in the "Quick Search" box on the left. For the most recent articles, see the Recent Publications page.

Host-Pathogen Interactions

Albersheim, P., and Valent, B. S., 1974. Host pathogen interactions VII. Plant pathogens secrete proteins which inhibit enzymes of the host capable of attacking the pathogen. Plant Physiology 53, 684 - 687.

Allard, C., 1974. Histological study using light microscopy of the resistance of the bean Phaseolus vulgaris to anthracnose Colletotrichum lindemuthianum controlled by the gene Cornell. Annales de Phytopathologie 6, 359 - 383.

Anderson, J. L., and Walker, J. C., 1962. Histology of watermelon anthracnose. Phytopathology 52, 650 - 653.

Bailey, J. A., 1983. Biological perspectives of host-pathogen interactions. In: Bailey, J.A., Deverall, B.J., eds., The Dynamics of Host Defense. Academic Press, Sidney, pp 1-32.

Bailey, J. A., 1991. Recognition events associated with specific interactions between plants and pathogenic fungi. In: Smith, C.J., eds., Biochemistry and Molecular Biology of Plant Pathogen Interactions. Oxford University Press, Oxford. pp. 210 - 224.

Bailey, J. A., and Rowell, P. M., 1980. Viability of Colletotrichum lindemuthianum in hypersensitive cells of Phaseolus vulgaris. Physiological Plant Pathology 17, 341 - 345.

Bailey, J. A., Nash, C., Morgan, L. W., O'Connell, R. J., and Tebeest, D. O., 1996. Molecular taxonomy of Colletotrichum species causing anthracnose on the Malvaceae. Phytopathology, 86, 1076 - 1083.

Bailey, J. A., Nash, C., O’Connell, R. J., and Skipp, R. A., 1990. Infection processes and host specificity of a Colletotrichum species causing anthracnose disease of cowpea, Vigna ungiculata. Mycological Research 94, 810 - 814.

Bailey, J. A., O'Connell, R. J., Pring, R. J., and Nash, C., 1992. Infection strategies of Colletotrichum species. In: Bailey, J. A., and Jeger, M. J., eds., Colletotrichum: Biology, Pathology and Control. C. A. B. International, Wallingford, pp. 88 - 120.

Bailey, J. A., Rowell, P. M., and Arnold, G. M., 1980. The temporal relationship between host cell death, phytoalexin accumulation and fungal inhibition during hypersensitive reactions of Phaseolus vulgaris to Colletotrichum lindemuthianum. Physiological Plant Pathology 17, 329 - 339.

Baker, R. E. D., Crowdy, S. H., and McKee, R. K., 1940. A review of latent infections caused by Colletotrichum gloeosporioides and allied fungi. Tropical Agriculture (Trinidad) 17, 128 - 132.

Beckett, A., and Porter, R., 1988. The use of complementary fractures and low temperature scanning electron microscopy to study hyphal-host cell surface adhesion between Uromyces viciae-fabae. Canadian Journal of Botany 66, 645 - 652.

Beckett, A., Tatnell, A. J., and Taylor, N., 1990. Adhesion and pre-invasion behaviour of urediniospores of Uromyces viciae-fabae during germination on host and synthetic surfaces. Mycological Research 94, 865 - 875.

Benhamou, N., Lafitte, C., Barthe, J.-P., and Esquerré-Tugayé, M.-T., 1991. Cell surface interactions between bean leaf cells and Colletotrichum lindemuthianum. Plant Physiology 97, 234 - 244.

Bonnen, A. M., and Hammerschmidt, R., 1989a. Role of cutinolytic enzymes in infection of cucumber by Colletotrichum lagenarium. Physiological and Molecular Plant Pathology 35, 475 - 481.

Bonnen, A. M., and Hammerschmidt, R., 1989b. Cutinolytic enzymes from Colletotrichum lagenarium. Physiological and Molecular Plant Pathology 35, 463 - 474.

Bourett, T. M., and Howard, R. J., 1990. In vitro development of penetration structures in the rice blast fungus Magnaporthe grisea. Canadian Journal of Botany 68, 329 - 342.

Braithwaite, K. S., Irwin, J. A. G., and Manners, J. M., 1990. Restriction fragment length polymorphisms in Colletotrichum gloeosporioides infecting Stylosanthes spp. in Australia. Mycological Research 94, 1129 - 1137.

Brown G.E., 1977. Ultrastructure of penetration of ethylene-degreened Robinson’s tangerines by Colletotrichum gloeosporioides. Phytopathology 67, 315 - 320.

Bruns, T. D., White, T. J., and Taylor, J. W., 1991. Fungal molecular systematics. Annual Review of Ecology and Systematics 22, 525 - 564.

Bushnell, W. R., and Gay, J. L., 1978. Accumulation of solutes in relation to the structure and function of haustoria in powdery mildews. In: Spencer, D. M., ed., The Powdery Mildews, Academic Press, London, pp. 183 - 235.

Butler, R. D., and Simon, E. W., 1971. Ultrastructural aspects of senescence in plants. In: Strehler, R. L., ed., Advances on Gerontological Research, Vol 3. Academic Press, London, pp 73 - 129.

Callow, J. A., 1987. Models for host-pathogen interactions. In: Day, P. R., and Jellis, G. J., eds., Genetics and Plant Pathogenisis. Blackwell Scientific Publications, Oxford, pp. 283 - 294.

Callow, J. A., Estrada-Garcia, M. T., and Green, J. R., 1987. Recognition of non-self: The causation and avoidance of disease. Annals of Botany 60, 3 - 14.

Carver, T. L. W., and Thomas, B. J., 1990. Normal germling development by Erysiphe graminis on cereal leaves freed of epicuticular wax. Plant Pathology 39, 367 - 375.

Carver, T. L. W., Ingerson, S. M., and Thomas, B. J., 1996. Influences of host surface features on development of Erysiphe graminis and Erysiphe pisi. In: Kerstiens, G., eds., Plant Cuticles. BIOS Scientific Publishers Ltd., Oxford, pp. 255 - 266.

Chau, K. F., and Alvarez, A. M., 1983. A histological study of anthracnose on Carica papaya. Phytopathology 73, 1113 - 1116.

Dargent, R., and Touzé, A., 1974. Etude cinetique, en microscope electronique, des interactions entre Colletotrichum lagenarium et les cellules foliaires de Cucumis melo. Canadian Journal of Botany 52, 1319 - 1323.

Davis, H., and Evans, R. L., 1990. Effects of pathogen spore suspensions on wettability of leaves. Mycological Research 94, 854 - 856.

Davis, K. R., Lyon, G. D., Darvill, A. G., and Albersheim, P., 1984. Host-Pathogen Interactions XXV. Endopolygalacturonic acid lyase from Erwinia carotovora elicits phytoalexin accumulation by releasing plant cell wall fragments. Plant Physiology 74, 52 - 60.

Daykin, M. E., and Milholland, R. D., 1984. Histopathology of ripe rot caused by Colletotrichum gleosporioides on muscadine grape. Phytopathology 74, 1339 - 1341.

De Wit, P. J. G. M., Van Kan, J. A. L., Van Den Ackerveken, A. F. J. M., and Joosten, M. H. A. J., 1991. Specificity of plant-fungal interactions: molecular aspects of avirulence genes. Advances In Molecular Genetics of Plant-Microbe Interactions 1, 233 - 241.

Deising, H., Nicholson, R. L., Haug, M., Howard, R. J., and Mendgen, K., 1992. Adhesion pad formation and the involvement of cutinase and esterases in the attachment of uredospores to the host cuticle. The Plant Cell 4, 1101 - 1111.

Desing, H., Heiler, S., Rauscher, S., Mendgen, K., and Xu, H., 1996. Cellular aspects of rust infection structure differentiation. In: Nicole, M., and Gianinazzi-Pearson, V., eds., Histology, Ultrastructure and Molecular Cytology of Plant-Microorganism Interactions. Kluwer Academic Publishers, London, pp. 135 - 156.

Dickman, M. B., and Patil, S. S., 1986. Cutinase deficient mutants of Colletotrichum gloeosporioides are nonpathogenic to papaya fruit. Physiological and Molecular Plant Pathology 28 (2), 235 - 242.

Dickman, M. B., Patil, S. S., and Kolattukudy, P. E., 1983. Effects of organophosphorous pesticides on cutinase activity and infection of papayas by Colletotrichum gloeosporioides. Phytopathology 73 (8), 1209 - 1214.

Dickman, M. B., Podila, G. K., and Kolattukudy, P. E., 1989. Insertion of cutinase gene into a wound pathogen enables it to infect intact host. Nature 342, 446 - 448.

Dixon, R. A., Choudhary, A. D., Harrison, M. J., Stermer, B. A., Yu, L., Jenkins, S. M., Lamb, C. L., and Lawton, M. A., 1991. Transcription factors and defence gene activation. In: Smith, C. J., ed., Biochemistry and Molecular Biology of Plant Pathogen Interactions. Oxford University Press, Oxford.

Doke, N., 1983. Generation of superoxide anion by potato tuber protoplasts during the hypersensitive response to hyphal wall components of Phytophthora infestans and specific inhibition of the reaction by suppressors of hypersensitivity. Physiological Plant Pathology 23, 359 - 367.

Doke, N., and Chai, H. B., 1985. Activation of superoxide generation and enhancement of resistance against compatible races of Phytophthora infestans in potato plants treated with digitonin. Physiological Plant Pathology 27, 323 - 334.

Duke, M. M., 1928. The genera Vermicularia Fr. and Colletotrichum Cda. Transactions of the British Mycological Society 91, 671 - 676.

Elliston, J., Kuc, J., and Williams, E. B., 1976. A comparative study of the development of compatible, incompatible and induced incompatible interactions between Colletotrichum spp. and Phaseolus vulgaris. Phytopathologische Zeitschrift 87, 289 - 303.

Epstein, L., Laccetti, L. B., Staples, R. C. and Hoch, H. C., 1987. Cell-substratum adhesive protein involved in surface contact responses of the bean rust fungus. Physiological and Molecular Plant Pathology 30, 373 - 388.

Esquerré-Tugayé, M. T., 1973. Influence d'une maladie parasitaire sur la teneur en hydroxyproline des parois cellulaires d'épicotyles et pétioles de planted de melon. Comptes Rendus de l'Académie des Sciences, Paris 276, 525 - 528.

Ferreira, J. F., and Rijkenberg, F. H. J., 1981. Ultrastructural morphology of Uromyces transversalis infection of resistant and susceptible gladiolus hosts and non-host Zea mays. Phytopathology 81, 596 - 602.

Fry, W. E., and Evans, P. H., 1977. Association of formamide hydrolase with fungal pathogenicity to cyanogenic plants. Phytopathology 67, 1001 - 1006.

Fry, W. E., and Munch, D. C., 1975. Hydrogen cyanide detoxification by Gloeocercospora sorghi. Physiological Plant Pathology 7, 23 - 33.

Fulton, J. P., 1948. Infection of tomato fruits by Colletotrichum phomoides. Phytopathology 38, 235 - 245.

Gay, J. L., 1984. Mechanisms of biotrophy in fungal pathogens. In: Wood, R. K .S., and Jellis, J., eds., Plant Diseases: Infection, Damage and Loss. Blackwell Scientific Publications, Oxford, pp. 49 - 59.

Grand, C., and Rossignol, M., 1982. Changes in the lignification process induced by localised infection of muskmelons with Colletotrichum lagenarium. Plant Science Letters 28, 103 - 110.

Hamdan, M. A. M. S., and Dixon R. A., 1986. Differential biochemical effects of elicitor preparations from Colletotrichum lindemuthianum. Physiological and Molecular Plant Pathology 28, 329 - 344.

Hamer, J. E., Howard, R. J., Chumley, F. G., and Valent, B., 1988. A mechanism for surface attachment in spores of a plant pathogenic fungus. Science 239, 288 - 290.

Hancock, J. G., and Huisman, O. C., 1981. Nutrient movement in host-pathogen systems. Annual review of Phytopathology 19, 309 - 331.

Heath, M. C., 1989. In vitro formation of haustoria of the cowpea rust fungus Uromyces vignae, in the absence of a living plant cell. I. Light microscopy. Physiological and Molecular Plant Pathology 35 (4), 357 - 366.

Heiler, S., Mendgen, K., and Deising, H., 1993. Cellulolytic enzymes of the obligately biotrophic rust fungus Uromyces viciae-fabae are regulated differentiation-specifically. Mycological Research 97, 77 - 85.

Hoch, H. C., and Staples, R. C., 1991. Signalling for infection structure formation in fungi. In: Cole, G. T., and Hoch, H. C., eds., The fungal spore and disease initiation in plants and animals. Plenum Press, New York.

Hohl, H. L., Hamamoto, S. T., and Hemmes, D. E., 1968. Ultrastructural aspects of cell elongation, cellulose synthesis, and spore differentiation in Acytostelium leptosomum, a cellular slime mould. American Journal of Botany 55, 783 - 796.

Howard, R. J., 1981. Ultrastructural analysis of hyphal tip cell growth in fungi: Spitzenköper, cytoskeleton and endomembranes after freeze substitution. Journal of Cell Science 48, 89 - 103.

Howard, R. J., Bourett, T. M., and Ferrari, M. A., 1991. Infection by Magnaporthe: An in vitro analysis. In: Mendgen, K., and Lesemann D. E., eds., Electron Microscopy of Plant Pathogens. Springer-Verlag, Berlin.

Huguenin, B., Lourd, M., and Geiger, J. P., 1982. Comparison between isolates of Colletotrichum falcatum and Colletotrichum graminicola on the basis of their morphological, physiological and pathogenic characteristics. Phytopathologische Zeitschrift 105, 293 - 304.

Hutchison, K. A., O'Connell, R. J., Pain, N.A., and Green, J., 1996. A bean epicuticular glycoprotein is present in the extracellular matrices around infection structures of the anthracnose fungus Colletotrichum lindemuthianum. New Phytologist 134, 579 - 585.

Hwang, C.-S., and Kolattukudy, P. E., 1995. Isolation and characterisation of genes expressed uniquely during appressorium formation by Colletotrichum gloeosporioides conidai induced by host surface wax. Molecular General Genetics 247, 282 - 294.

Irwin, J. A. G., Trevorrow, P. R., and Cameron, D. F., 1984. Histopathology of compatible interactions involving biotypes of Colletotrichum gloeosporioides that cause anthracnose of Stylosanthes spp. Australian Journal of Botany 32, 631 - 640.

Jones, E. B. G., 1994. Fungal Adhesion. Mycological Research 98, 961 - 981.

Jones, G., Bailey, J. A., and O'Connell, R. J., 1995. Sensitive staining of fungal extracellular matricesusing colloidal gold. Mycological Research 99, 567 - 573.

Kaminskyi, S., and Day, A. W., 1984. Effects of antifimbrial antisera on development of infection structures in the bean rust fungus. Phytopathology 74, 833.

Katoh, M., Hirose, I., Kubo, Y., Hikichi, Y., Kunoh, H., Furasawa, I., and Shishiyama, J., 1988. Use of mutants to indicate factors prerequisite for penetration of Colletotrichum lagenarium by appressoria. Physiological and Molecular Plant Pathology 32, 177 - 184.

Keon, J. P. R., Waksman, G., and Bailey J. A., 1990. A comparison of the biochemical and physiological properties of polygalacturonase from two races of Colletotrichum lindemuthianum. Physiological and Molecular Plant Pathology 37, 193-206.

Keppler, L. D., and Novacky, A., 1987. The initiation of membrane lipid peroxidation during bacteria-induced hypersensitive reaction. Physiological and Molecular Plant Pathology 30, 233 - 245.

Keppler, L. D., Baker, C. J., and Atkinson, M. M., 1989. Active oxygen production during a bacteria-induced hypersensitive reaction in tobacco suspension cells. Phytopathology 79, 974 - 978.

Landes, M., and Hoffman, G. M., 1979a. Germination and infection behaviour of Colletotrichum lindemuthianum on Phaseolus vulgaris. Phytopathologische Zeitschrift 95, 259 - 273.

Landes, M., and Hoffman, G. M., 1979b. Ultrahistological investigations of the interactions in compatible and incompatible systems of Phaseolus vulgaris and Colletotrichum lindemuthianum. Phytopathologische Zeitschrift 96, 330 - 351.

Latunde-Dada, A. O., Bailey, J. A., and Lucas, J. A., 1997. Infection processes of Colletotrichum destructivum O'Gara from Lucerne (Medicago sativa L.). European Journal of Plant Pathology 103, 35 - 41.

Latunde-Dada, A. O., O'Connell, R. J., Nash, C., Pring, R. J., Lucas, J. A., Bailey, J. A., 1996. Infection process and identity of the hemibiotrophic anthracnose fungus (Colletotrichum destructivum) from cowpea (Vigna unguiculata). Mycological Research 100, 1133 - 1141.

Leach, J. G., 1922. The parisitism of Colletotrichum lindemuthianum. Minnesota Agricultural Experimental Station Technical Bulletin 14, 39 pp.

Leite, B., and Nicholson, R. L., 1992. Mycosporine-alanine: A self-inhibitor of germination from the conidial mucilage of Colletotrichum graminicola. Experimental Mycology 16, 76 - 86.

Leite, B., and Nicholson, R. L., 1993. A volatile self-inhibitor from Colletotrichum graminicola. Mycologia 85, 945 - 951.

Lenné, J. M., 1992. Colletotrichum diseases of Legumes. In: Bailey, J. A. and Jeger, M. J. eds., Colletotrichum: Biology, Pathology and Control. C. A. B International, Wallingford, pp. 134-166.

Louis, I., Chew, A., and Lim, G., 1988. Influence of spore density and extracellular conidial matrix on spore germination in Colletotrichum capsici. Transactions of the British Mycological Society 91, 694 - 697.

Luttrell, E. S., 1974. Parasitism of fungi on vascular plants. Mycologia 66, 1 - 15.

Mackie, A. J., Roberts, A. M., Callow, J. A., and Green, J. R., 1991. Molecular differentiation in pea-powdery mildew haustoria. Planta 183, 399 - 409.

Marks, G. C., Berbee, J. G., and Riker, A. J., 1965. Direct penetration of leaves of Populus tremuloides by Colletotrichum gloeosporioides. Phytopathology 55, 408 - 441.

McRae, C. F., Stevens, G. R., 1990. Role of conidial matrix of Colletotrichum orbiculare in pathogenesis of Xanthium spinosum. Mycological Research 94, 890 - 896.

Mercer, P. C., Wood, R. K. S., and Greenwood, A. D., 1971. Initial infection of Phaseolus vulgaris by Colletotrichum lindemuthianum. In: Preece, T. F. and Dickinson, C. H. eds., Ecology of Leaf Surface Micro-organisms. Academic Press, London, pp. 381 - 389.

Mercer, P. C., Wood, R. K. S., and Greenwood, A. D., 1974. Resistance to anthracnose of french bean. Physiological Plant Pathology 4, 291 - 306.

Mercer, P. C., Wood, R. K. S., and Greenwood, A. D., 1975. Ultrasrtucture of parasitism of Phaseolus vulgaris by Colletotrichum lindemuthianum. Physiological Plant Pathology 5, 203 - 214.

Mercure, E. W., Kunoh, H., and Nicholson, R. L., 1994a. Adhesion of Colletotrichum graminicola conidia to corn leaves: a requirement for disease development. Physiological and Molecular Plant Pathology 45, 407 - 420.

Mercure, E. W., Kunoh, H., and Nicholson, R. L., 1995. Visualization of materials released from adhered, ungerminated conidia of Colletotrichum graminicola. Physiological and Molecular Plant Pathology 46, 121 - 135.

Mercure, E. W., Leite, B., and Nicholson, R. L., 1994b. Adhesion of ungerminated conidia of Colletotrichum graminicola to artificial hydrophobic surfaces. Physiological and Molecular Plant Pathology 45, 421 - 440.

Mills, P. R., Sreenivasaprasad, S., Brown, A. E., 1992. Detection and differentiation of Colletotrichum gloeosporioides isolates using PCR. FEMS Microbiology Letters 98, 137 - 143.

Mims, C. W., 1991. Using electron microscopy to study plant pathogenic fungi. Mycologia 83, 1 - 19.

Mims, C. W., Richardson, E. A., Clay, R. P., and Nicholson, R. L., 1995. Ultrastructure of conidia and the conidium aging process in the plant pathogenic fungus Colletotrichum graminicola. International Journal of Plant Science 156, 9 - 18.

Moloshok, T.D., Leinhos, G. M. E, Staples, R. C., Hoch, H. C., 1993. The autogenic extracellular environment of Uromyces appendiculatus urediospore germlings. Mycologia 85, 392 - 400.

Mould, M. J. R., Boland, G. J., and Robb, J., 1991a. Ultrastructure of the Colletotrichum trifolii - Medicago sativa pathosystem, I. Pre-penetration events. Physiological and Molecular Plant Pathology 38, 179 - 194.

Mould, M. J. R., Boland, G. J., and Robb, J., 1991b. Ultrastructure of the Colletotrichum trifolii - Medicago sativa pathosystem, II. Post-penetration events. Physiological and Molecular Plant Pathology 38, 195 - 210.

Muirhead, I. F., and Deverall, B. J., 1981. Role of appressoria in latent infection of banana fruits by Colletotrichum musae. Physiological Plant Pathology 19, 77 - 84.

Nicholson, R. L., and Epstein, L., 1991. Adhesion of fungi to the plant surface. Prerequisite for pathogenisis. In: Cole, G. T., and Hoch, H. C., eds., The fungal spore and disease initiation in plants and animals. Plenum Press, New York.

Nicholson, R. L., and Moraes, W. B. C., 1980. Survival of Colletotrichum graminicola: Importance of the spore matrix. Phytopathology 70, 255 - 261.

Nicholson, R. L., Butler, L. G., and Asquith, T. N., 1986. Glycoproteins from Colletotrichum graminicola that bind phenols: Implications for survival and virulence of phytopathogenic fungi. Phytopathology 76, 1315 - 1318.

Novacky, A., 1991. The plant membrane and its response to disease. In: Cole, G. T., and Hoch, H. C., eds., The fungal spore and disease initiation in plants and animals. Plenum Press, New York.

O'Connell, R. J., and Bailey, J. A., 1991. Hemibiotrophy in Colletotrichum lindemuthianum. In: Mendgen, K., and Lesemann, E. D., eds., Electron Microscopy of Plant Pathogens. Springer-Verlag, Berlin, pp. 211 - 222.

O'Connell, R. J., 1987. Absence of a specialised interface between intracellular hyphae of Colletotrichum lindemuthianum and cells of Phaseolus vulgaris. New Phytologist 107 (4), 725 - 734.

O'Connell, R. J., 1991. Cytochemical analysis of infection structures of Colletotrichum lindemuthianum using fluorochrome-labelled lectins. Physiological and Molecular Plant Pathology 39, 189 - 200.

O'Connell, R. J., and Bailey, J. A., 1986. Immunogold labelling of fungal antigens in cells of Phaseolus vulgaris infected by Colletotrichum lindemuthianum. Physiological and Molecular Plant Pathology 28 (1), 99 - 105.

O'Connell, R. J., and Bailey, J. A., 1988. Differences in the extent of fungal development, host cell necrosis and symptom expression during race-cultivar interactions between Phaseolus vulgaris and Colletotrichum lindemuthianum. Plant Pathology 37, 351 - 362.

O'Connell, R. J., and Ride, J. P., 1990. Chemical detection and ultrastructural localisation of chitin in cell walls of Colletotrichum lindemuthianum. Physiological and Molecular Plant Pathology 37, 39 - 53.

O'Connell, R. J., Bailey, J. A., and Richmond, D. V., 1985. Cytology and physiology of infection of Phaseolus vulgaris by Colletotrichum lindemuthianum. Physiological Plant Pathology 27, 75 - 98.

O'Connell, R. J., Nash, C., and Bailey, J. A., 1992. Lectin cytochemistry: A new approach to understanding cell differentiation, pathogenisis and taxonomy in Colletotrichum. In: Bailey, J. A., and Jeger, M. J., eds., Colletotrichum: Biology, Pathology and Control. C. A. B. International, Wallingford, pp. 67 - 87.

O'Connell, R. J., Pain, N. A., Hutchison, K. A., Jones, G. L., and Green, J. R., 1996. Ultrastructure and composition of the cell surface of infection structures formed by the fungal plant pathogen Colletotrichum lindemuthianum. Journal of Microscopy 181, 204 - 212.

O'Connell, R. J., Uronu, A. B., Waksman, G., Nash, C., Keon, J. P. R., and Bailey, J. A., 1993. Hemibiotrophic infection of Pisum sativum by Colletotrichum truncatum. Plant Pathology 42, 774 - 783.

Ogle, H. J., Gowanlock, D. H., and Irwin, J. A. G., 1990. Infection of Stylosanthes guianensis and Stylosanthes scabra by Colletotrichum gloeosporioides. Phytopathology 80 (9), 837 - 842.

Pain, N. A., Green, J. R., Jones, G. L., and O'Connell, R. J., 1996. Composition and organisation of extracellular matrices around germ tubes and appressoria of Colletotrichum lindemuthianum. Protoplasma 190, 119 - 130.

Pain, N. A., O'Connell, R. J., Bailey, J. A., and Green, J. R., 1992. Monoclonal antibodies which show restricted binding to four Colletotrichum species: C. lindemuthianum, C. malvarum, C. orbiculare, and C. trifolii. Physiological and Molecular Plant Pathology 41, 111 - 126.

Pain, N. A., O'Connell, R. J., Mendgen, K., Green, J. R., 1994. Identification of glycoproteins specific to biotrphic intracellular hyphae formed in the Colletotrichum lindemuthianum-bean interaction. New Phytologist 127, 233 - 242.

Parbery, D. G., 1981. Biology of anthracnoses on leaf surfaces. In: Blakeman, J. P., ed., Microbial Ecology of the Phylloplane. Academic Press, London.

Pascholati, S. F., Deising, H., Leite, B., Anderson, D., and Nicholson, R. L., 1993. Cutinase and non-specific esterase activity in the conidial mucilage of Colletotrichum graminicola. Physiological and Molecular Plant Pathology 42, 37 - 51.

Pastor-Corrales, M. A., Otoya, M. M., Molina, A., and Singh, S. P., 1995. Resistance to Colletotrichum lindemuthianum isolates from middle America and Andean South America in different common bean races. Plant Disease 79, 63 - 67.

Politis, D. J., 1976. Ultrastructure of penetration by Colletotrichum graminicola of highly resistant oat leaves. Physiological Plant Pathology 8, 117 - 122.

Politis, D. J., and Wheeler, H., 1973. Ultrastructural study of penetration of maize leaves by Colletotrichum graminicola. Physiological Plant Pathology 3, 465 - 471.

Porto, M. D. M., Grau, C. R., de Zoeten, G., A., and Gaard, G., 1988. Histopathology of Colletotrichum trifolii on Alfalfa. Phytopathology 78 (3), 345 - 349.

Powell, M. J., 1986. Cytochemical techniques for the subcellular localisation of enzymes in microorganisms. In: Alrdich, H. C., and Todd, W. J., eds., Ultrastructure techniques for microorganisms. Plenum Press, London, pp. 421 - 445.

Pring, R. J., Nash, C., Zakaria, M., and Bailey, J. A., 1995. Infection process and host range of Colletotrichum capsici. Physiological and Molecular Plant Pathology 46, 137 - 152.

Prusky, D., and Plumbley, R. A., 1992. Quiescent Infections of Colletotrichum in Tropical and Subtropical Fruits. In: Bailey, J. A., and Jeger, M. J., eds., Colletotrichum: Biology, Pathology and Control. C. A. B. International, Wallingford, pp. 289 - 307.

Ramadoss, C. S., Uhlig, J., Carlson, D. M., Butler, L. G., Nicholson, R. L., 1985. Composition of mucilaginous spore matrix of Colletotrichum graminicola, a pathogen of corn, sorghum, and other grasses. Journal of Agricultural Food Chemistry 33, 728 - 732.

Rasmussen, J. B., and Hanau, R. M., 1989. Exogenous scytalone restores appressorial melanization and pathogenicity in albino mutants of Colletotrichum graminicola. Canadian Journal of Plant Pathology 11, 349 - 352.

Roberts, R. G., and Snow, J. P., 1984. Morphological and pathological studies of Colletotrichum capsici and Colletotrichum indicum. Mycologia 82, 82 - 90.

Rotem, J., Cohen, Y., and Bashi, E., 1978. Host and environment influences on sporulation in vivo. Annual Review of Phytopathology 16, 83 - 101.

Royle, D., and Butler, D. R., 1986. Epidemiological significance of liquid water in crop canopies and its role in disease forecasting. In: Ayres, P. G. and Boddy L. eds., Water, Fungi and Plants. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, pp. 139 - 156.

Ruel, K., Joseleau, J.-P., 1991. Involvement of an extracellular glucan sheath during degradation of Populus wood by Phanerochaete chrysosporium. Applied and Environmental Microbiology 57, 374 - 384.

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